1. Will EPA’s rule address laminateflooring featured in the 60Minutes story?
1. EPA的规则是否适用于强化地板60分钟的故事？
Under the EPA rule, the flooring that was the subject of the 60 Minutes storymust be made with composite wood cores or platforms that are certified ascompliant with the formaldehyde emission standards.
根据EPA规则，作为60分钟故事主题的地板必须使用经认证符合甲醛释放标准的复合木板或平板。
2. How do I know if the woodproducts I’m buying are safe?
我如何知道我买的木制品是否安全？
Beginning a year after publication of the final rule in theFederal Register, when shopping for composite wood products or finished goodscontaining composite wood products, EPA recommends that consumers look forproducts that are labeled TSCA Title VI compliant. Composite wood products andfinished goods containing regulated composite wood products are required to belabeled as such by one year after the final rule is issued.
在联邦公报中最终规则公布后一年开始，购买复合木制品或含复合木制品的成品时，EPA建议消费者寻找符合TSCA Title VI标准的产品。含有受管制复合木制品的复合木制品和成品必须在最终规则颁布后一年内贴上标签。
3.Should I be concerned about formaldehyde if I have laminatewood flooring in my home?
如果我家里有强化木地板，我是否应该留意甲醛？
Not necessarily because the amount of formaldehyde in thelaminate flooring, if present, can vary due to how the flooring is made.Formaldehyde is normally present at low levels, usually less than 0.03 partsper million (ppm), in both outdoor and indoor air. The outdoor air in ruralareas has lower concentrations while urban areas have higher concentrations(due to sources such as automobile exhaust). Residences or offices that containproducts that release formaldehyde into the air can have levels greater than0.03 ppm. Additionally, formaldehyde levels in indoor air can vary depending ontemperature, humidity, and air exchange rate within the indoor space.Formaldehyde levels in a residence may also change with the season, day-to-day,and day-to-night. Levels may be high on a hot and humid day and low on a cool,dry day. Generally as products in the home off-gas formaldehyde over time thelevels in the home are reduced. Understanding these factors is important whenone is considering how to reduce exposure to formaldehyde in the home.
不一定，因为层压地板中的甲醛量（如果存在的话）可以由于地板的制造方式而变化。在室外和室内空气中，甲醛通常含量较低，通常低于百万分之0.03（ppm）。农村地区的室外空气浓度较低，而城市地区的浓度较高（由于汽车尾气等来源）。含有甲醛释放的产品的住宅或办公室的含量可高于0.03 ppm。此外，室内空气中的甲醛含量可根据室内空间内的温度，湿度和空气交换率而变化。住宅中的甲醛含量也可能随季节，日常和昼夜而变化。在炎热潮湿的一天，水平可能很高，在凉爽干燥的一天，水平可能很低。通常作为家庭废气甲醛中的产品随着时间的推移降低了家庭中的水平。当人们考虑如何减少家中甲醛的暴露时，了解这些因素非常重要。
4.Should I have my laminateflooring product tested for formaldehyde emissions and where can I send asample to have it tested? How should I interpret the results? How can Idetermine if the formaldehyde levels emitted from my laminate flooring productmeet EPA’s regulatory standards for composite wood products?
我是否应该对我的强化地板产品进行甲醛释放测试？我可以在哪里发送样品进行测试？我该如何解释结果呢？如何确定我的强化木地板产品所释放的甲醛含量是否符合EPA对复合木制品的监管标准？
If you wish to have a sample of your floor tested, you cancontact a laboratory that has experience in this type of testing. Thelaboratories that participate in California’s third-party certification programare capable of performing these tests, although other laboratories may alsohave this experience. Note that many of these laboratories do not typicallyoffer testing services for individual homeowners and this type of testing isexpensive.
如果您希望测试地板样品，可以联系具有此类测试经验的实验室。参加加州第三方认证计划的实验室能够执行这些测试，尽管其他实验室也可能具有这种经验。
请注意，许多这些实验室通常不为个别房主提供测试服务，这种类型的测试费用昂贵。
The new formaldehyde emissions standards are:
新的甲醛排放标准是：
|
Formaldehyde emissions standards in TSCA Title VI for unfinished composite wood panels. TSCA Title VI中用于未完成复合木板的甲醛排放标准。 |
|
Hardwood plywood 硬木胶合板 |
0.05 ppm |
|
Particleboard 刨花板 |
0.09 ppm |
|
Medium-density fiberboard 中密度纤维板 |
0.11 ppm |
|
Thin medium-density fiberboard薄中密度纤维板 |
0.13 ppm |
These emissions standards are not directly applicable tofinished products, such as the laminate wood flooring in your home. It isimportant to know that test results for product emissions cannot, withoutsignificant additional calculations, be used to predict the indoor airconcentrations of formaldehyde in your home.
这些排放标准不能直接应用于成品，例如您家中的强化木地板。重要的是要知道，如果没有大量的额外计算，产品排放的测试结果不能用于预测家中室内空气的甲醛浓度。
However, the standards can provide a benchmark for evaluatingformaldehyde emissions from a product and a sample of your laminate woodflooring can be tested. The most common test requires a special testing chamberand there are a limited number of firms that are able to perform this test.
但是，该标准可以为评估产品的甲醛释放量提供基准，并且可以测试您的层压木地板样品。最常见的测试需要一个特殊的测试室，并且有限数量的公司能够执行此测试。
5. Is EPA aware of the report by the U.S. Centers forDisease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Agency for Toxic Substances andDisease Registry (ATSDR) that evaluated possible health effects fromformaldehyde found in laminated flooring boards sold by Lumber Liquidators®?
EPA是否了解美国疾病控制中心的报告和预防（CDC）和有毒物质机构和疾病登记处（ATSDR）评估的LumberFlovesators®出售的复合地板中甲醛可能对健康造成的影响？
EPA reviewed the report released by the U.S. Centers forDisease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Agency for Toxic Substances andDisease Registry (ATSDR) that evaluated possible health effects fromformaldehyde found in laminated flooring boards manufactured in China during2012-2014 and that were sold at Lumber Liquidators® stores. EPA agrees withCDC/ATSDR’s conclusion that lowering formaldehyde levels in indoor air canimprove the health of occupants. EPA also agrees with the CDC/ATSDRrecommendation that, if formaldehyde exposure is suspected or confirmed tooccur in a home, then actions should be taken to reduce formaldehyde levels.Such actions can include increasing air ventilation or choosing home productswith low or no formaldehyde for future purchases.
EPA审查了美国疾病控制和预防中心（CDC）和有毒物质和疾病登记处（ATSDR）发布的报告，评估了2012 - 2014年在中国生产的层压地板板中发现的甲醛可能对健康造成的影响，并在LumberFloderators®商店出售。EPA同意CDC / ATSDR的结论，即降低室内空气中的甲醛含量可以改善居住者的健康状况。EPA也同意CDC / ATSDR的建议，即如果怀疑或确认在家中发生甲醛暴露，则应采取措施降低甲醛含量。这些行动可以包括增加空气通风或选择具有低甲醛或无甲醛的家用产品以用于将来的购买。
CDC/ATSDR also recommends that residents should see a doctortrained in environmental medicine if they begin to experience symptoms ordiscomfort after the installation of new laminate flooring (or any productmanufactured with formaldehyde) to determine if their symptoms are related toindoor air quality. More information is available in CDC/ATSDR’s report.
CDC / ATSDR还建议居民如果在安装新的强化木地板（或任何用甲醛制造的产品）后开始出现症状或不适，应该看医生接受环境医学培训，以确定他们的症状是否与室内空气质量有关。有关更多信息，请参阅CDC / ATSDR的报告。
6. I have laminate flooring made in China in my home. Arewe safe to stay in our home?
我家里有中国制造的复合地板。我们住在家里安全吗？
Only certain types of laminate flooring made in China andthat were sold in the U.S. during 2012-2014 by Lumber Liquidators® wereevaluated by CDC and ATSDR; other laminate flooring made in China were notevaluated. More information is available in CDC/ATSDR’s report.
只有某些类型在中国制造的强化地板，由LumberFlopersators®于2012 - 2014年在美国销售的产品由CDC和ATSDR评估；其他组中国制造的强化地板未经评估。
If you or family members are experiencing symptoms that youbelieve may be related to laminate flooring or other products in your home, youshould consult a physician and your state or local health department forassistance. You should also consider taking precautionary steps to minimizeformaldehyde levels in the home (e.g., minimizing sources of formaldehyde, increasingventilation, keeping temperature and humidity levels low and other stepsoutlined in the CPSC booklet).
如果您或您的家人遇到您认为可能与您家中的强化木地板或其他产品有关的症状，您应该咨询医生和您所在州或当地的卫生部门寻求帮助。您还应考虑采取预防措施，尽量减少家中的甲醛含量（例如，尽量减少甲醛来源，增加通风，保持低温和低湿度以及CPSC手册中列出的其他步骤）。
7. Did EPA investigate the sale of the laminate woodflooring as featured in the 60 Minutes segment?
EPA是否调查了强化木地板的销售情况，如60分钟片段中的特征？
No, because EPA’s rule establishing national formaldehydeemissions standards was not final when this event occurred.
没有，因为EPA建立国家甲醛排放标准的规则在此事件发生时并不是最终的。
8. Lumber Liquidators® is providing test kits for formaldehyde inindoor air to customers who purchased their laminate flooring. In a letter tosome of those customers, Lumber Liquidators references a draft EPAtoxicological review on formaldehyde to support Lumber Liquidator’s conclusionthat the formaldehyde levels in those consumer’s homes were similar to typicallevels in other U.S. homes. Does EPA support Lumber Liquidator’s testingprogram and conclusions?
LumberPlequidators®为购买强化木地板的客户提供室内空气中甲醛检测试剂盒。在给一些客户的一封信中，Lumber Liquidators参考了EPA甲醛毒理学评论草案，以支持Lumber Liquidator的结论，即这些消费者家中的甲醛含量与其他美国家庭的典型水平相似。EPA是否支持Lumber Liquidator的测试计划和结论？
EPA has not taken a position on the Lumber Liquidators®testing program but cautions the public that air testing may not provide usefulinformation due to the uncertainties of home air testing, the lack of widelyaccepted health based standards for formaldehyde levels in indoor air tocompare test results, and because air testing does not provide information onspecific sources of formaldehyde, such as laminate flooring.
EPA尚未就LumberFlopers®测试计划采取立场，但提醒公众，由于家庭空气测试的不确定性，缺乏广泛接受的室内空气中甲醛含量的健康标准，空气测试可能无法提供有用测试结果信息，并且空气测试不提供有关特定甲醛来源的信息，例如强化木地板。
The “normal indoor air” levels cited in the LumberLiquidators’ letter to its customers originate from a paper published in 2010entitledFormaldehyde in the IndoorEnvironment, by Dr. Tunga Salthammer. This document isone of many studies referenced in EPA’s external draft document, Toxicological Review of Formaldehyde InhalationToxicity: In Support of Summary Information on the Integrated Risk InformationSystem (IRIS). This draft toxicological review does notrepresent a conclusion by the Agency on the safety of formaldehyde levels inhomes. Read an electronic copy of the Salthammer study.
Lumber Liquidators致其客户的信中引用的“正常室内空气”水平源于2010年发表的一篇题为“室内环境中的甲醛”的论文，由Dr.TungaSalthammer撰写。本文件是EPA外部草案文件“甲醛吸入毒性的毒理学评论：支持综合风险信息系统（IRIS）摘要信息”中引用的众多研究之一。该毒理学审查草案并不代表代理机构关于家庭中甲醛含量安全的结论。
9. Does the formaldehydedissipate over time?
甲醛会随着时间的推移而消散吗？
Yes, typically emissions from composite wood productsdecrease over time.
是的，复合木制品甲醛的排放通常随着时间的推移而减少。
10. Are there long term effectsfrom formaldehyde exposure over time?
随着时间的推移甲醛暴露会产生长期影响吗？
Formaldehyde exposure may potentially cause a variety ofsymptoms and adverse health effects, such as eye, nose, throat, and skinirritation, coughing, wheezing, and allergic reactions. Long-term exposure tohigh levels of formaldehyde has been associated with cancer in humans andlaboratory animals. Formaldehyde can affect people differently. Some people arevery sensitive to formaldehyde at a certain level while others may not have anynoticeable reaction to the same level. Formaldehyde is just one of severalgases present indoors that may cause adverse health effects and illnesses. Manyother gases, as well as respiratory illnesses (e.g., colds and the flu), cancause similar symptoms to those caused by formaldehyde.
甲醛暴露可能会引起各种症状和不良健康影响，如眼睛，鼻子，喉咙和皮肤刺激，咳嗽，喘息和过敏反应。长期接触高浓度甲醛的人类和实验动物的癌症有关。甲醛会以不同的方式影响人们。有些人在一定程度上对甲醛非常敏感，而其他人可能对同一水平没有任何明显的反应。甲醛只是室内存在的几种气体中的一种，可能对健康造成不良影响和疾病。许多其他气体以及呼吸道疾病（例如感冒和流感）可引起与甲醛相似的症状。
11. Should I have the indoor air ofmy home tested for formaldehyde if I have laminate flooring? If so, how shouldI interpret the results?
如果有强化木地板，我是否应该在家中测试室内空气的甲醛？如果是，我该如何解释结果呢？
While there are several options for testing the indoor air inyour home for formaldehyde, all of them have some drawbacks, ranging from costand unknown reliability of the tests to the difficulty of interpreting the testresults and the inability of the tests to differentiate among the manypotential sources of formaldehyde in the home. Should you decide to have indoorair testing performed, you should consult the CPSC booklet for guidance.
虽然有几种方法可以测试家中室内空气中的甲醛含量，所有这些都有一些缺点，从成本和未知的测试可靠性到解释测试结果的难度以及测试无法区分家庭中许多潜在的甲醛来源。
12. Can EPA suggest a home test kit for formaldehyde thatis affordable to the consumer and that will provide accurate results?
EPA是否可以建议消费者能够负担得起甲醛的家用检测试剂盒，并提供准确的结果？
No, because EPA has not tested or verified the accuracy ofhome test kits for formaldehyde.
不，因为EPA没有测试或验证家用甲醛检测试剂盒的准确性。
13. I had my home’s indoor airtested for formaldehyde and I received a lab report on the results. What levelis considered safe? Has EPA established a safe level for formaldehyde in indoorair?
我家里的室内空气中测试了甲醛，我收到了实验室的结果报告。什么级别被认为是安全的？EPA是否建立了室内空气中甲醛的安全水平？
EPA has not established a safe level of formaldehyde forindoor air. There are a wide range of known or suspected potential healtheffects from formaldehyde exposure but the levels at which these effects maycause symptoms or disease in individuals depends on many factors, including thetype of health effect and individual susceptibility. A number of guidelinelevels have been established by a variety of organizations, although none havebeen adopted by EPA. Review a table of some of the current guidelines for formaldehyde.
EPA尚未确定室内空气中甲醛的安全水平。甲醛暴露会产生广泛的已知或可疑的潜在健康影响，但这些影响可能导致个体症状或疾病的程度取决于许多因素，包括健康影响的类型和个体易感性。各种组织已经制定了若干准则，尽管EPA尚未采用任何准则。
Since formaldehyde is present in most indoor environments,many organizations, including EPA, advise that formaldehyde levels be kept aslow as reasonably achievable. In practice this means being aware of potentialformaldehyde sources in the home and taking steps to reduce them, increasingventilation if strong formaldehyde sources are present, and keeping temperatureand humidity levels low, as this reduces formaldehyde emissions from someproducts (e.g., composite wood).
由于甲醛存在于大多数室内环境中，许多组织（包括EPA）建议将甲醛水平保持在合理可行的最低水平。在实践中，这意味着要意识到家中潜在的甲醛来源并采取措施减少它们，如果存在强大的甲醛来源则增加通风，并保持低温和低湿度，因为这会减少某些产品（例如复合木材）的甲醛排放。
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